Symptom Guide · Pelvic Pain
What is causing my lower abdominal pain?
Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis is one of the most common reasons women visit a gynaecologist. The pattern of the pain — when it comes, where it sits, what it comes with — usually points clearly to the cause.
What are the common gynaecological causes of pelvic pain?
Ovulation pain (a one-sided ache mid-cycle), ovarian cysts, pelvic infections, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and fibroids are the most frequent causes. Pain can also come from the urinary tract or bowel — part of the doctor's job is telling these apart, which is why describing the pattern of your pain matters.
Could it be an ovarian cyst?
Possibly. Most ovarian cysts are harmless, form as part of the normal cycle, and disappear on their own. They cause concern when they grow large, persist across cycles, or twist or rupture — which causes sudden severe pain needing urgent attention. A simple ultrasound shows the size and nature of a cyst, and most need only monitoring.
What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
PID is an infection of the uterus, tubes, or ovaries, usually starting as an untreated vaginal or cervical infection. Signs include lower abdominal pain, fever, unusual discharge, pain during intercourse, and bleeding between periods. It needs prompt antibiotic treatment — untreated PID can damage the fallopian tubes and affect fertility.
When is pelvic pain an emergency?
Sudden, severe, one-sided pain — especially with a missed period, fainting, or vomiting — needs same-day attention. It can indicate a twisted or ruptured ovarian cyst or an ectopic pregnancy. Do not wait for it to settle; call the clinic or go to the nearest hospital.
How will the doctor find the cause?
A detailed history, a gentle examination, a pelvic ultrasound, and where needed, urine and blood tests. Most causes are identified in a single visit. Chronic pain that has gone undiagnosed elsewhere sometimes needs a diagnostic laparoscopy — a keyhole procedure that lets the doctor see the pelvis directly.
See a doctor promptly if you have
- Sudden severe pain, especially one-sided
- Pain with a missed period or positive pregnancy test
- Pain with fever or foul-smelling discharge
- Pain with fainting, vomiting, or rapid heartbeat
- Chronic pain lasting more than a few weeks
This page is general information, not a diagnosis. Only a consultation and examination can tell you what is causing your symptoms.
Worried about this symptom?
Consult Dr. Madhumita Das Mazumdar — MD (OBG), 30+ years of experience — at the clinic in Beltola, Guwahati, or on WhatsApp from anywhere in Assam.